Northern Europe and Spain 1500 to 1600

Chapter 23 16th Century Art in center Europe and Spain Notes Spain became the dominant power in Europe by the end of the 16th century. After the dissolution of the Burgundian Netherlands in 1477 and its preoccupancy by France and the Holy Roman Empire (mainly Germany), Spain achieved this through count on marriages, and military exploits. Monarchs increased their ascendence over their subjects and cultivated a stronger sense of cultural and political unity among the populace locomote the foundation for the modern nation. The Reformation overshadowed all these political events. The physiologic composition of Protestantism prompted the Catholic church buildings response, The coming back Reformation. The Reformation had its grow in the long term dissatisfaction with church leadership. This created a heavy(p) obstacle for those who desire meaningful faith. There was the erudition that the popes were aft(prenominal) only worldly gain and not salvation. The popes and cardinals came from wealthy families much(prenominal) as the Medici. Spiritual corruption was rampant, not only on the highest levels, but also on the lower levels. People sought-after(a) new ways to invigorate their religious commitment and kitchen stove salvation.

In the 15th century these attempts included pilgrimages, joining confraternities and orders, and commission artworks, such as Books of Hours, rosaries, prints and paintings as visual aids in private devotions. The most outspoken critic to papal confidence was German theologian Martin Luther (1483-1546). He sparked the Ref ormation with his posting of his ninety-fiv! e Theses on the church building in Wittenberg in 1517. The Ninety-Five Theses enumerated his objections to Church practices, especially the sale of indulgences. Indulgences were reductions in time spent in Purgatory. The sale of such suggested that people were buying their way into Heaven. Luthers goal was significant reform and clarification of major spectral issues, but these ideas led to a split in Christendom. Luther...If you percentage to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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