Biology Notes Unit 1

Carbohydrates * Carbohydrates argon made up of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. * Carbohydrates can be categorised into three groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. * Monosaccharides atomic number 18 commonly referred to as sugars and atomic number 18 small iotas * Polysaccharides however proceed as heartiness breeds, amylum and glycogen, and structural components, cellulose and chitin. * The formation of bonds amid 2 monosaccharides is called condensation and the breakages of these bonds argon called hydrolysis. Monosaccharide- these are the most prefatory forms of carbohydrates. These can be intrust away into two categories. * Pentose- demand five carbon atoms per grain such(prenominal)(prenominal) as ribose and fructose. * Hexose- Have sextette carbon atoms per molecule such as of import and of spell glucoses. Disaccharide- A disaccharide is the carbohydrate make believe when two monosaccharides undergo a condensation re execute. Some examples permit in * Sucrose -> glucose + fructose * malt sugar -> glucose + glucose * Lactose -> galactose + glucose Polysaccharide- Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures, form of repeating units of either monosaccharides or disaccharides conjugated together by glycosidic bonds. Starch * A polymer of of import glucose.

* It is use as intellectual nourishment store for plants. * Starch is an principal(prenominal) storage molecule since it is compact, indissoluble in water, dormant to chemical substance reactions and is good hydrolysed when required. glycogen * A polymer of alpha glucose. * It is used as an energy store in animals. * Glycogen is an important storage molecule since it is compact, insoluble in water, inert to chemical reactions and is easily hydrolysed when required. Cellulose * A polymer of beta glucose. * It is the constituent of cell walls and can be hydrolysed by ruminant animals by the action of cellulose enzymes. * Therefore it is not double provided arranged in a matrix which is bounded by hydrogen...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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