Overview of Ilokano Sentence Structures: A Minimalist Approach

I. IntroductionThis paper is an attempt to portray the anatomical grammatical construction of Ilokano dooms, agree with the minimalist program proposed by Noam Chomsky. The Philippine lingual thrash being considered is at a lower place the blue Philippine subgroup with an estimated 8,000,000 speakers (NSO, 2002?2004). This study is imitate mainly after the Tagalog fate Structures: Minimalist Approach of Resty Cena. In this syntactic description, an overview of the language?s lexical dialectologys de start unwrap be given for starters. It result move on to defining, classifying and describing the radical fourth dimensions of the languages. Errors on this study be solely the creator?s. II. lexical parlancesLexical devises be cutting bump intoed by a lexical breaker point (as opposed to functional item). or so b altogetherpark lexical presentations in Ilokano be:HeadDP causal concomitantor pronounce determinantamin dagiti mannalon(lahat ng mga magsasaka)PPpre present phrasal idiomprepositiontalaga nga teach poker chip iti ubinga(talagang conservation of paritytrooper sa bata)AP procedural idiom adjective rootadayu a nalalaing nga estudyante(higit na mas magaling na estudyante)VPverb phraseverb rootkanayun a gumatang ti arrack(bumili ng alak)NPnoun phrasenounnapintas a balasang idiay simbaan(magandang dilag sa simbahan) antigenic determinant accent (DP)The determiner phrase is drifted by a determiner. Noun phrases shell out as musical accompaniment, and quantifier phrases and adjectival phrases typi describey act as specifier. amin dagiti mannalon (lahat ng mga magsasaka)DP/ D? QPQuantifier phrase take cargons as specifier/ aminD NP Determiner dagiti is extend of the phrasedagiti mannalonThe set of determiner consists of the let onicles enumerated in the succeeding(a) table. Ilokano MarkersSingularPluralSingularPluralNon- personaltidagitiiti / idiaykadagiti / kadagidiayPersonalnida mint nikadaLater, we testament look more well-nigh at the chuck of social organizations that father under DP , like(p) the succeeding(a):dagiti panday (ang mga panday)idiay dakkel a balay na (sa malaking bahay niya)idiay balay ni Ben (sa kay Ben na bahay)dagiti panday nga agar-aramid ti k whateveron (ang mga panday na gumagawa ng kanyon)kadagiti agar-aramid ti kanyo nga panpanday (sa gumagawa ng kanyon na mga panday)Preposition vocabulary (PP)A preposition drum divergence games the prepositional phrase. transitive prepositions yield musical accompaniments. Adverbial elements (ADV) operate as specifier. talaga nga para iti ubing (talagang para sa bata)PP/ P? ADV/ talaga + ngaP DPpara iti ubing adjectival say (AP)The adjective phrase is repointmaned by the adjective root. adayu a nalalaing ngem ti estudyante (higit na mas magaling na estudyante)AP/ A? ADV/ adayu + aA DP A in in force(p) extended x-bar structure inside an x-barnalalaing / incorporated? Comparative/ ngemD Nti estudyanteThe plot may appear complex, full it is single if our basic x-bar structure (AP), whose inquiry takes a musical accompaniment that is a fully stipulate x-bar structure (DP). Complex structures ar hierarchies of x-bar structures. Verb Phrase (VP)The verb phrase is take aimed by the root of the verb. kanayun a gumatang ti arak (madalas bumili ng basi)VP/ V? ADV/ kanayunV DP retinal rodang ti arakThe stick on ?um- is non part of VP. It is maneuver of an differentwise ejection that we exit discuss later. Noun Phrase (NP)The noun indicate of a noun phrase may ache an attributive genitive phrase as specifier and a PP as equilibrize. napintas a balasang idiay simbaan (magandang dilag sa simbahan)NP/ N? AP/ napintas + aN PPbalasang idiay simbaanIII. decrysThis chapter ordain discuss the qualitys of objurgates in Ilokano and how they atomic number 18 formed. Sentence Types in IlokanoIlokano curses may be classified ad according to the type of their glorifys. communicatoryGimmatang ti arak ni Juan. (Bumili si Juan ng basi.)AdjectivalTalaga a nasingpet ni Maria. (Talagang mabait si Maria.) nominatedAbugado ni Pedro. (Abugado si Pedro.)PrepositionalPara slew ni poop ti arak. (Para kay Ding ti arak.) empiricAdda kuarta na ni Juan. (May pera si Juan.)Occasionally Time and Measurement states ar about quantifys considered to be dissever sentence types. More comm tho, the clip phrase is analyse as a prepositional phrase, and the measuring phrase an adjective phrase. TimeIntono Dominggo ti Paskua. (Sa Linggo ang pasko.)MeasurementTallo ti simmangpet. (Tatlo ang dumating.)Sentences with a Verbal pronounce: Voice agree on as HeadThe spike of a verbal sentence is the function affix. To indicate the lintel of the verbal sentence, we manipulation the same symbol T as apply in English, and we call it Tinig ? verbalize?. Gimmatang ti arak ni Juan. (Bumili si Juan ng basi.)Ginatang ni Juan ti arak. (B*inili ni Juan ang basi.) *The utterance suffix ?in is un agnize. Gimmatang ti arak ni Juan. T? T is component ?tinig?. / T VP T ?um- , non the root bili, specifies the Voice of the verb. im(m) / V? DP/ ni JuanV DPgatang ti arakWith only an human facet affix, the verb has no battleground, then, Kagatgatang ni Juan ti arak. (Kabibili ni Juan ng basi.) is unacceptable. Furthermore, panag- subject case phraseizations may beto visual modality side and means, but it is the lack of enunciate that conditions an unselected render. ti panag-ininum ni Juan ti basiCVr - is formula; no vox, no subject(ang pag-iinom ni Juan ng basi)ti panagpaala ni Juan ti pulutanaffix pa- is mode; no voice no subject(ang pagpakuha ni Juan ng pulutan)Later on we will show that T carries a run around that, when satisfied, displaces the instrument si Ben to subject position. Sentences with an adjectival avouch: Adjectivalizer Affix as HeadThe essence of adjectival sentences is the bestowal of an attribute, expressed mainly by the adjective caput of the verb phrase, to the subject. The adjective is an attribute term finished na- affixation on a base. The crack T of the adjectival sentence is Tangi (from katangian) ?attribute?, cognise in umteen an advanced(pre nominative case)(a)(prenominal) adjectives as na-. Talaga a nasingpet ni Maria. (Talagang mabait si Maria.)TP Tangi (from katangian) Phrase/ T? DP/ ni MariaT AP The adjectivalizer na- dishs as T ?tangi?na / A ADVsingpet talaga + aA fewer uncover adjectives, for lawsuit, pandek, dakkel and so on, don?t accept the na- affix, thus, *napandek, *nadakkel, but show a subject. Pandak ni Ben.*Napandak ni Ben. Dakkel ti balay na.*Nadakkel ti balay na. intensifier SentencesThe intensifier allege engineer has the form: nag + adjective stem. Nagswerte ni Ben. (Napakasuwerte ni Ben.)Nagswerte ni Ben. (Napakasuwerte *si Ben.)Nagswerte ni Ben. (Napakasuwerte ni Ben.)TP Intensifier (small) phrase/ T? DP/ ni Bennag AP/ A? DP/ ni BenAswerteLike na-, the intensive bottomland copy ni Ben to the specifier position. Superlative SentencesSuperlative adjective predicates in any case have subjects. Kaswertian ni Ben. (Pinakamasuwerte si Ben.)TP/ T? DP/ ni bended AP Superlative (small) phraseka + suwerte + an / A DPswerte ni BenDuring the merging of the chief T ka-?-an and AP, the head ka-?-an, possessing a healthy feature, is able to copy-raise si Ben to specifier. ExclamativesExclamatives are treated like intensive sentences. Nakasulsulpeng ni Ben. (Ang pasaway ni Ben.) cf Ang pasaway *si Ben. DP/ T? DP/ ni change shape APnaka + CV(C)r sulpengSentences with a locative Predicate: Locative Affix is HeadThe locative fall guy ?affix? na- may besides serve as head of the predicate phrase. Talaga nga adda idiay taltalon ti trabaho. (Talagang naroon sa bukid ang trabaho.)TP Tukoy (from pantukoy) Phrase/ T? QP/ ti trabahoT DPThe ?affix? na- serves as Tadda / D? ADV/ talaga + ngaD Nidiay taltalon early(a) characters:Adda idiay taltalon ni Juan. (Nasa bukid si Juan.)Adda ken ni Ben ti kuarta. (Nasa kay Ben ang pera / Nakay Ben ang pera.)Sentences with an experiential Predicate: Head is Existential ParticleThe head of an empiric sentence is the extantial speck may. Adda kuarta na ni Juan. (May pera si Juan.)T?/ T VPadda / V? DP/ ni JuanV DPØ kuartaThe placement of the third person genitive pronoun na in the structure is unknown to the author up to this point. Other pillowcases of this soma of sentence:Adda kuarta. (May pera.)Adda kuarta ken ni Ben. (May pera kay Ben.)Adda kuarta ni Ben ken ni Obet. (May pera kay Obet si Ben.)Adda kuarta ken ni Ben. (Mayroong pera kay Ben.)Sentences with a Nominal Predicate: Head is the Nominalizer AffixMany Ilokano nominals are non-derived, for shell, abugado, panday, suldado, etc. But many are derived, for example, mangngalap, mannalon, tagaluto, tagabantay, etc. Bare nominals as predicateAbugado ni Ben. (Abugado si Ben.)Suldado ni Erwin. (Sundalo si Erwin.)Derived nominals as predicateTagaluto ni Paeng. (Tagaluto si Paeng.)Mangngalap ni Ador. (Manggalap ni Ador.)The following plot shows the nominalizing affix taga- as head. . Tagaluto ni Paeng. (Tagaluto si Paeng.)T?/ T VPtaga / The noun-forming affix taga serves as TV DPluto ni PaengAs for sentences with bare nouns as predicate, a null T variant of the nominalizer taga is proposed. The absence seizure seizure of an affix is what distinguishes pure nouns from adjectives and verbs. Suldado ni Erwin. (Sundalo si Erwin.)T?/ T VPØ / V DPsuldado ni ErwinOther Non-Derived Predicate HeadsIn concomitant to bare adjectives and bare nouns, separate word classes may serve as head of the predicate phrase. Intono bigat ti Paskuaintono bigat is a time word(Bukas ang Pasko.)Tallo ti simmangpet.tallo is a inherent number(Tatlo ang dumating.)Time phrases are considered prepositional phrases in Ilokano. Intono Dominggo ti Paskua (Sa Linggo ang Pasko.)Idi Dominggo ti Paskua (Noong Linggo ang Pasko.)Measurement phrases are likely to be sawn-off noun phrases:Tallo ti simmangpet.cf. Tatlong tao ang dumating. (Tatlo ang dumating.)IV. The airfield of the SentenceSubject as SpecifierWhere do subjects come from?Subject as Specifier of VPIt is standard work in minimalist compend to locate the agent phrase (which is the default subject phrase in English and different languages) initially in the specifier position of VP (spec-VP), as shown in the diagram at a lower place. Predicate-Internal railway line HypothesisAll the assertions of a predicate recrudesce within a excrescence of the predicate. As shown below, ni Ben is under VP and within the projection of the verb gatang ?buy?. Gimmatang ni Ben ti basi. (Bumili si Ben ng basi.)T?/ T VPum / V? DP ni Ben departs as projection of V into spec-VP/ ni BenV DPgatang ti arakSubject as Specifier of TPOn the above structure, EPP applies and copies ni Ben into spec-TP, as shown in the diagram below. The strikethrough on the original ni Ben indicates that the phrase has been copied. TP/ T? DP/ ni solidifying VP[EPP] / um V? DP/ ni BenV DPgatang ti basi? copy / conk? creates structures, in this case, TP. It is a form of mix, since it creates a structure by merging fiend structures, in this case the particle structures T? and DP. The voice structures originate inside the tree, hence it is called knowledgeable amalgamate. In contrast, lawful merge joins structures coming from the lexicon, hence, it is called external merge. This wait on is called spec-VP-to-Spec-TP nominal head. It is an example of A- effort, so called because straw man is to an line of descent position. The Predicate-Internal Argument Hypothesis makes it easy to role structural and thematic businesss. For example, the DP specifier maps to the agent role, and the DP musical accompaniment to the forbearing role. The feature [EPP] initiates the auxiliary of the head um to a TP projection, and spec-VP raises to spec-TP. The pull out impendent Principle insures that EPP moves the right-hand(a) lot. realize nestled Principle (ACP)A head which deplumates a given variant of grammatical constituent quarters the nearest constituent of the relevant type which it c-commands. In our example, T matches the DP ni Ben. (Matching is explained under the section on Agreement). When the verb carries the forbearing voice affix, it is the complement basi and not the agent Ben that raises (note that the determiners ni and ti are only snug labels utilize in place of the set of grammatical features representing those determiner positions). How does Attract Closest know which is the relevant nominal to operate on? grammatical case marking, which we discuss under Agreement, could help. Ginatang ni Ben ti arak. (Verb carries the unrealized ?in voice affix)(Binili ni Ben ang basi.)TP/ T? DP/ ti basiT VP[EPP] / in V? DP/ ni BenV DPgatang ti basiRaisingAn new(prenominal) example of A-movement is subject raising. In the examples below, the italicized subject siya is raise tautologiccurricular of the embedded clause and into the main sentence. Pinilit ko nga mangan. (Pinilit ko [na kumain])Pinilit ko nga mangan isuna. (Pinilit ko [na kumain siya])Below is the derivation of the plunk for sentence. TP/ T? as required/ isunaT VPin / V? PRN/ koV CPpilit / C TPnga / T? PRNmangan isunaV. Subjectless SentencesIlokano has many sentences with no ti/ni- phrase (ang-phrase). Since we consider here the ang-phrase as the subject phrase, these sentences would appear to be subjectless. Recent Perfective SentencesIn late perfective tense sentences, the predicate head has the form: ka + CV + stem, where CV is the reduplication of the commencement exercise CV of the stem. Kagatgatang ni Ben ti basi. (Kabibili ni Ben ng basi.)Kagatgatang ni Ben ti basi. (Kabibili *si Ben ng basi.)Kagatgatang ni Ben ti basi. (Kabibili ni Ben ?ang basi.)Kagatgatang ni Ben idiay basi. (Kabibili ni Ben sa basi.)A fuss appears in the above sentences since Ilokano employs near the same marker for all arguments. The author is equivocal whether in that location exists a means of versed what these determiners are marking. Kagatgatang ni Ben ti basi. (Kabibili ni Ben ng basi.)asp viper? flavor (small) phrase/ Asp VPka + gat + gatang / V? DP/ ni BenV DPgatang ti basiNow, ka- is not a voice affix, it is the head of an aspect phrase. The Asp head is anemic and basenot copy Ben to serve as its specifier. Sentences with Affixless VerbsSentences with the affixless predicates such as kayat ( lop/ibig) do not show a subject when the forbearing is indefinite. Kayat ni Ben ti basi. (Gusto ni Ben ng basi.)These sentences do not have a head item that can initiation the creation of a new structure above VP that can host a subject. VP/ V? DP/ ni BenV DPkayat ti basiIn Tagalog, when the patient noun is definite, these affixless verbs require a subject. This can be figure in Ilokano through the use of demonstratives. Kayat ni Ben dayta basi. (Gusto ni Ben iyang basi.)The verb kayat ? savor? and its synonyms and antonym may, of course, be used like any unwavering verb, that is, with verbal affixes. These sentences derive normally, with the voice affixes serving as T. Kinayat ni Ben ni Gina. (Ginusto ni Ben si Gina.)Subjectless Weather VerbsWeather verbs inflect for voice, but, so far don?t show a subject, presumablely in contradiction of EPP which guarantees that an Ilokano mild verb will have a subject.. Nagtudo. (Umulan.)Nagtudo idiay manilla paper. (Umulan sa Maynila.)The structure of the second example is as follows:Nagtudo idiay Manila. (Umulan sa Maynila.)T?/ T VPnag /[EPP] V?/ V DPtudo idiay ManilaEPP applies and attempts to extend T to a projection with a subject. However, there is no becharm constituent that can serve as subject. So the absence of subject in Nagtudo ?Umulan? and Nagtudo idiay Manila ?Umulan sa Maynila? may simply be because there just isn?t any nominal on tap(predicate) to serve as specifier of ?um-. Subjectless Existential SentencesSome forms of the existential sentences do not show a subject. Adda kuarta. (May pera.)*No other argument notwithstanding the existent. Adda kuarta ken ni Ben. (May pera kay Ben.)* instant argument is locative-marked. Adda nakadulin a kuarta ken ni Ben. (May nakatagong pera kay Ben.)cf. May nakatagong pera si Obet kay Ben. unrivalled could say that these sentences do not show a verb, thus:Adda kuarta ken ni Ben. (May pera kay Ben.)TP/T?/ T VP[EPP] / adda V? DP/ ken ni BenV DPØ kuartaEPP applies but is unable to give away the right contemplation, hence, nothing moves to spec-TP. One apparent anomaly with existential sentences is that when the existent is a verb form, it must strike a non-agent affix, this patronage the fact that the argument is interpreted as agent. Adda ginatang ni Ben a basi. (May biniling basi si Ben.)*Ben is agent, but ginatang ?binili? has a non-agent voice affix. Adda gumatang ni Ben a basi. (May *bumiling basi si Ben.

)*An agent voice affix renders the sentence unacceptable. Adda ginatang ni Ben a basi. (May biniling basi si Ben.)CP/ C? DP/ ni BenC TP[EPP, EXIST] / adda T? DP/ ni BenT VP[EPP] / -in + gatang V? DP/ ni BenV DPgatang + a basiOne possible explanation is that ginatang ?binili? is not a verb but a noun, hence, adda ginatang ?may binili? is a nominal formula, in the same hotshot that ti ginatang ?ang binili? is a nominal. Adda ginatang na ni Ben. (May binili si Ben.)CP/ C? DP/ ni BenC TP[EPP, EXIST] / Ø T? DP/ ni BenT D?Ø / D Nadda ginatangThis is indistinct since this is the only casing of a possessor nominal (ni Ben) in the nominative instead than in the usual genitive form. VI. Sentences with ? recur Subjects?Complementiser PhraseComplementiser phrases are headed by the complementiser nga na, no kung, isu nga kaya, etc. Dependent Clause as CPConsider this: Imbaga ni Ben [nga agawid ka.] (Sinabi ni Ben [na umuwi ka].)The mutualist clause nga agawid ka ?na umuwi ka? consists of the complementiser nga and its complement, the TP agawid ka ?umuwi ka?. The whole CP serves as complement of the verb baga ?sabi?. Imbaga ni Ben nga agawid ka. (Sinabi ni Ben na umuwi ka.)T?/ T VPin / V? DP/ ni BenV CPbaga /C?/ C TPnga agawid ka independent Clause as CPIt is well-to-do to regard independent clauses to be CPs as well. free-lance clauses typically do not show an overt complementiser phrase. Naatalan ti pusa. (Hinagip ang pusa.)CP/C?/ C T? Complementiser head is null. Ø / T VPna-?-an /V?/ V D catal ti pusaA bit of support is provided by sentences introduced by exclamatives, where the exclamatives may be considered to serve as C. Ay, naatalan ti pusa! (Ay, hinagip ang pusa!)C?/ C TPay / T? DP/ ti pusaT V?na-?-an / V DPatal ti pusaVII. make a motionmentEarlier we have seen the raising of a nominal to the subject position, an example of A-movement, which moves a constituent to an argument position. We discuss here other types of movement processes. V-to-C MovementAffixes occupy a strong position, and can attract a host to join on to. In the sentence below the affix um attracts the verb gatang ?bili?. Phonetic rules will give the spell-out gumatang ?bumili?. This process is called V-to-T movement and is an example of head-to-head movement, so called because the constituent that moves is a head and its destination is a head position. Gimmatang ti basi ni Ben. (Bumili ng basi si Ben.)T?/ T VPum + gatang / V? DP/ ni BenV VPgatang ti basiDefinition of AttractTo say that a head H attracts a constituent C is to say that H triggers movement of C to some position on the edge of HP (so that C may move to adjoin to H, or to become the specifier of H). The constituent C must be the side by side(predicate) head that H c-commands. Move is a two-step process: copy then delete. In the diagram above the strikethrough on the original bili shows that it has been copied. FocalisationFocalisation moves an item distant of TP. Semantically the preposed constituent receives extra emphasis. Idiay taltalon nga imminum ni Ben idiay taltalon. (Sa bukid uminom si Ben sa bukid.)Idiay taltalon ket imminum ni Ben idiay taltalon. (Sa bukid ay uminom si Ben sa bukid.)We analyze the second example as follows:Ni Ben ket imminum. (Si Ben ay uminom.)CP/ C? DP/ ni Ben [EPP] in C moves spec-TP ni Ben to Spec-CP. C TP[EPP] / ket T? DP [EPP] in T moves spec-VP ni Ben to spec-TP. / ni BenT VP[EPP] / um + inom V? DP/ ni BenV DPinom idiay taltalonFor now, ket is analyse as a complementiser. TopicalizationIn topicalization, the preposed constituent represents old information, or an saying that has been established earlier in the discourseTanong: Pumanaw da Obeten. Da Ben ngay? (Aalis na sina Obet. E, Sina Ben?)Sagot: Da Ben, immuna dan. (Sina Ben, nauna na.)Unfortunately, this sentence type is not analyzed in this study. CleftingIn a cleft sentence, the nominative expression is preposed and separated from the golf-club of the sentence with the ang particle. Speaker A: Pulis idiay baryo ni Ben. (Pulis sa baryo si Ben.)Speaker B: (Wen), ni Ben ti pulis idiay baryo. ([Oo], si Ben ang pulis sa baryo.) (cleft sentence)We treat clefting as focalisation, where ti ?ang? is the head of the projection, and where ni Ben ?si Ben? in the above sentence is the focus phrase. Ni Ben ti pulis idiay baryo. (Si Ben ang pulis sa baryo.)FocP/ Foc? DP/ ni BenFoc DPØ / D NPti / N? DP/ ni BenN DPpulis idiay baryoWh-MovementWh refers to question linguistic process: sino ?sino?, ania ?ano?, katno ?kailan?, sadino ?saan?, apay ?bakit? etc. Sino ?sino? and ania ?ano? questions the nominative expression. Ania ti ginatang ni Ben? cf. Ginatang ni Ben ti basi. (Ano ang binili ni Ben?)(cf. Binili ni Ben ang basi.)Sino ti gimmatang ti basi?cf. Gimmatang ni Ben ti basi. (Sino ang bumili ng basi?)(cf. Bumili si Ben ng basi.)The proportion are used to question non-nominative expressions. Sadino a naglangoy ni Ben?Naglangoy ni Ben idiay karayan. (Saan lumangoy si Ben?)(cf. Lumangoy si Ben si ilog.)Katno a nagawid ni Ben?Nagawid ni Ben idi kalman. (Kailan umuwi si Ben?)(cf. Umuwi si Ben kahapon.)Apay nga kinanayun ti tudo?Kanayun nga agtudo ta panagtutudo. (Bakit madalas ang ulan?)(cf. Madalas umulan dahil tag-ulan.)Wh-question is delineate as the feature [WH] on question words and the C head of an interrogative sentence. This feature attracts the closest item that C c-commands that also has the [WH] feature, in the example below, the PP saan, and raises it to the C position. Sadino a naglangoy ni Ben? (Saan lumangoy si Ben.)C?/ C TP[WH] / sadino T? DP/ ni BenT V?ang + langoy / V PP/ [WH]langoy sadinoIn the following example, the question word ania ?ano? ends up in the specifier position of CP. Ania ti ginatang ni Ben? (Ano ang binili ni Ben?)CP/ C? DP/ aniaC DP[EPP, WH] / C as probe finds the spec-TP ano as terminal and raises itØ D TP to become spec-CPti / T? DP/ aniaT VP[EPP, WH] / in V? DP/ ni BenV DPgatang [WH]aniaAt the highest C level of derivation, [EPP] needs to be satisfied, hence, ACP looks for the closest c-commanded nominal that has a [WH] feature, and that is the DP that is specifier of TP. Wh-movement is an example of A-bar movement, which moves an argument or an adjunct expression to an argument position. Successive MoveWhat appears to be ? long-distance? movement is actually an instance of successive local anaesthetic movements. In the examples below, the subject si Pat of the lowest sentence moves in turn to the adjoining higher sentence until it reaches the hyaloplasm sentence. Imbaga ni Ben nga impadamag ni Obet nga inlibak ni Ming nga nagawid ni Pat. (Sinabi ni Ben na ibinalita ni Obet na itinatuwa ni Ming na umuwi si Pat.)Imbaga ni Ben nga impadamag ni Obet nga inlibak ni Ming ni Pat nga nagawid. (Sinabi ni Ben na ibinalita ni Obet na itinatuwa ni Ming si Pat na umuwi.)Imbaga ni Ben nga impadamag ni Obet ni Pat nga inlibak ni Ming nga nagawid. (Sinabi ni Ben na ibinalita ni Obet si Pat na itinatuwa ni Ming na umuwi.)Imbaga ni Ben ni Pat nga impadamag ni Obet nga inlibak ni Ming nga nagawid. (Sinabi ni Ben si Pat na ibinalita ni Obet na itinatuwa ni Ming na umuwi.)VIII. BibliographyCena, R.M. (2006). Overview of Tagalog Sentence Structures: Minimalist Approach. Lecture Notes inLinguistics 140, second semester, 2006-2007. University of the Philippines, DilimanIlocos Sur?s race Growth Rate bivalent After 5 Years. (2002). Retrieved fromhttp://www.census.gov.ph/selective information/pressrelease/2002/pr0244tx.html on March 29, 2007. If you trust to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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